Reposisi Hukum Persaingan Usaha Indonesia Pasca UU Cipta Kerja: Kepastian Hukum dan Reformasi Prosedural

Repositioning Indonesian Competition Law after the Omnibus Law: Legal Certainty and Procedural Reform

Authors

  • Mohammad Reza, S.H., M.H. Program Studi Doktor Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Gadjah Mada Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9888-9788
  • Prof. M. Hawin, S.H., LL.M., Ph.D. Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4718-4719
  • Prof. Dr. Ningrum Natasya Sirait, S.H., LL.M. Faculty of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Author

Keywords:

Hukum Persaingan Usaha, Kepastian Hukum, Penegakan Hukum Administratif, Reformasi Hukum Acara Persaingan Usaha, Standar Pembuktian

Abstract

Kedudukan hukum persaingan usaha dalam perspektif kepastian hukum pasca berlakunya Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja. Reformasi tersebut menegaskan karakter administratif sanksi dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 dan mereposisi penegakan hukum persaingan dalam kerangka administrative enforcement. Namun, penegasan normatif tersebut belum diikuti kodifikasi hukum acara yang komprehensif, sehingga menimbulkan ketidakjelasan mengenai kewenangan penyelidikan, standar pembuktian, serta mekanisme pengujian yudisial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif terbatas terhadap beberapa yurisdiksi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kepastian hukum tidak cukup dibangun melalui kejelasan norma substantif, tetapi juga mensyaratkan pengaturan eksplisit mengenai beban pembuktian, standar kecukupan alat bukti, dan batas kewenangan administratif. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan reformulasi Hukum Acara Persaingan Usaha yang terpisah dan sistematis guna menjamin prediktabilitas, akuntabilitas, dan perlindungan hak pelaku usaha.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

  • Mohammad Reza, S.H., M.H., Program Studi Doktor Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Gadjah Mada

    Mohammad Reza is a doctoral candidate in Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. His research focuses on business competition law, legal certainty, and the reformulation of procedural competition law within the Indonesian legal system. He has published in reputable academic outlets, including Corporate Law and Governance Review, Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum, and international conference proceedings indexed by Scopus. His scholarly work examines the normative structure of Law No. 5 of 1999 on Business Competition, compliance programs, and the evolving challenges of competition governance in the post-Omnibus Law era. He is also affiliated with the Scopus Author ID 57223334186 and ORCID 0009-0005-9888-9788.

  • Prof. M. Hawin, S.H., LL.M., Ph.D., Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta

    Prof. Muhammad Hawin is a Professor of Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia, specializing in Business Law, Competition Law, Intellectual Property, International Business Law, and Legal Theory. He teaches both undergraduate and postgraduate courses, including competition law and investment law. He holds degrees, including an LL.M. in International Business Laws from the Washington College of Law, American University (USA), and a Ph.D. from the University of Queensland, School of Law (Australia). Prof. Hawin has authored numerous books and journal articles spanning compulsory licensing, parallel importation, intellectual property rights, and competition law, and is actively involved in research, publication, and academic mentorship. 

  • Prof. Dr. Ningrum Natasya Sirait, S.H., LL.M., Faculty of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

    Prof. Dr. Ningrum Natasya Sirait is an esteemed Indonesian legal scholar and Guru Besar (Full Professor), currently at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), with recognized expertise in competition law. Born in Bandung on 17 January 1962, she earned her law degree at USU before completing a Master of Legal Institutions at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, USA, where she wrote on dispute resolution in international commerce, and her doctorate at USU focusing on associations and competitive conduct under competition law. She was appointed full professor on 2 September 2006 and has published several influential books and academic works on competition law in Indonesia and Asia. In addition to her academic roles, Prof. Ningrum has received prestigious Fulbright scholarships, taught and mentored students, and contributed actively to legal education, training, and judiciary-related programs. 

References

Ab. Halim, M. ‘Afifi, & Amni, S. Z. (2023). Legal System in the Perspectives of H.L.A Hart and Lawrence M. Friedman. Peradaban Journal of Law and Society, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.59001/pjls.v2i1.83

Amala, A. C., Laras, R. T. I., Saragih, R. A. D., Jennifer, & Fransisca, V. (2022). PANCASILA SEBAGAI PARADIGMA KEHIDUPAN BERBANGSA DAN BERNEGARA. Nusantara: Jurnal Pendidikan, Seni, Sains, dan Sosial Humanioral, 1(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.11111/nusantara.xxxxxxx

Amin, R. I. (2020). OMNIBUS LAW ANTARA DESIDERATA DAN REALITA. Jurnal Hukum Samudra Keadilan, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.33059/jhsk.v15i2.2729

Ayal, G. L., Naibaho, R., & Siburian, K. (2017). TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP KASUS KARTEL MINYAK GORENG DI INDONESIA (STUDI PUTUSAN KPPU NOMOR 24/KPPU-1/2009). PATIK : Jurnal Hukum, 7(3), 229–240. http://repository.uhn.ac.id/handle/123456789/4496

Baried, R. R. (2015). Penafsiran unsur melawan hukum dalam penegakan hukum persaingan usaha. https://dspace.uii.ac.id/handle/123456789/9367

Beaton-Wells, C. (2017). Criminal sanctions for cartel conduct: The leniency conundrum. Journal of Competition Law and Economics, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhx004

Bogdan, R., & Biklen, S. K. (2017). Qualitative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theories and Methods(6th ed.). Pearson.

Cameron, P. D. (2023). Competition In energy markets: Law and regulation in the European Union. In Competition In Energy Markets: Law And Regulation In The European Union. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chn048

Fauzia, A., Hamdani, F., & Octavia, D. (2021). THE REVITALIZATION OF THE INDONESIAN LEGAL SYSTEM IN THE ORDER OF REALIZING THE IDEAL STATE LAW. Progressive Law Review, 3(01). https://doi.org/10.36448/plr.v3i01.46

Gal, M. S., & Cheng, T. (2016). Aggregate Concentration: An Empirical Study of Competition Law Solutions. Journal of Antitrust Enforcement, 1–44. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2837413

Heriani, F. N. (2022, April 8). KPPU Keluarkan Program Kepatuhan Persaingan Usaha. Hukumonline.com. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/kppu-keluarkan-program-kep.

Horwitz, A., Friedman, L. M., Nelson, W. E., & Unger, R. M. (1977). The Legal System: A Social Science Perspective. Contemporary Sociology, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.2307/2064787

Areeda, P. E. & Hovenkamp, H., 2022, Antitrust Law: An Analysis of Antitrust Principles and Their Application, 5th Ed., Wolters Kluwer.

Kotlán, P., Ondrúš, M., Kozlová, A., Kotlán, I., Petr, P., & Kalabis, R. (2023). Criminal Compliance Program as a Tool for Criminal Liability Exculpation of Legal Persons in the Czech Republic. Laws, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/laws12020020

KPPU. (2017). Laporan Kinerja KPPU 2016.

Langbroek, P., van den Bos, K., Thomas, M. S., Milo, M., & van Rossum, W. (2017). Methodology of legal research: Challenges and opportunities. In Utrecht Law Review (Vol. 13, Issue 3, pp. 1–8). Igitur, Utrecht Publishing and Archiving Services. https://doi.org/10.18352/ulr.411

Lee, C. (2005). Legal traditions and competition policy. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 45(2-3 SPEC. ISS.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2005.01.002

Lee, Y. (2022). Mala Prohibita, the Wrongfulness Constraint, and the Problem of Overcriminalization. Law and Philosophy, 41(2), 375–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10982-022-09443-z

Lubis, A. F., & Sirait, N. N. (2009). Hukum Persaingan Usaha Antara Teks dan Konteks. In A. F. Lubis & N. N. Sirait (Eds.), Gesellschaft fur Tecnische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Indonesia. Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU).

Menski, W. F. (2006). Comparative Law in a Global Context: The Legal Systems of Asia and Africa (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606687

Nasution, M. (2014). Budaya Hukum Indonesia. In Analisa. http://repository.uinsu.ac.id/id/eprint/714

Nurwardani, P., Saksama, H. Y., Kuswanjono, A., Munir, M., Mustansyir, R., Nurdin, E. S., Mulyono, E., Prawatyani, S. J., Anwar, A. A., Evawany, Priyautama, F., & Festanto, A. (2016). PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA: untuk Perguruan Tinggi (1st ed.). Direktorat Jenderal Pembelajaran dan Kemahasiswaan, Kemenristekdikti.

OECD. (2010). Prosecuting Cartels Without Direct Evidence of Agreement. OECD Competition Committee Working Paper.

OECD. (2014). Procedural Fairness and Transparency in Competition Proceedings. OECD Publishing.

Oktaviano, D. B., & Dewi, F. S. (2018, August 6). Kurnia Toha: KPPU akan Lebih Persuasif. ekonomi.bisnis.com. https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20180806/12/824661/kurnia-toha-kp.

Pawestri, W. D. (2017). KEADILAN SOSIAL DALAM PERLINDUNGAN KEPENTINGAN NASIONAL PADA PENANAMAN MODAL ASING BIDANG SUMBER DAYA ALAM. Yuridika, 30(1), 84. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v30i1.4683

Peraturan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha Republik Indonesia No. 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Program Kepatuhan Persaingan Usaha, Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2022 Nomor 313 (2022). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/216772/peraturan-kppu-no-1-tahun-2022

Priskila Ginting, Y., & Wartoyo, X. (2023). Fair Value of Pancasila in the Framework of Criminal Code Renewal. Law Review, 3(3), 343–359. https://doi.org/10.19166/lr.v20i1.5974

Putra, A. (2020). PENERAPAN OMNIBUS LAW DALAM UPAYA REFORMASI REGULASI. Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 17(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v17i1.602

Putri, R. R., Chandrawulan, A.-A., & Amalia, P. (2018). Peringkat Arus Investasi Indonesia Dalam Kerangka Asean-China Free Trade Agreement (Perbandingan Dengan Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, Dan Vietnam) Ditinjau Dari Prinsip Fair and Equitable Treatment. Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 48(2), 275. https://doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol48.no2.1664

Rahardjo, D. (2004). Ekonomi Pancasila dalam Tinjauan Filsafat Ilmu. 1996.

Ratnaningtyas, C., Sarjiyani, Aritonang, P. P., Valentina, R. A. V., & Maulisa, N. (2017). Analisis Yuridis Perbandingan Ketentuan Notifikasi dan Batasan Nilai (threshold) dalam Rezim Kontrol Merger di Indonesia, Amerika Serikat, Uni Eropa, dan Singapura. Universitas Indonesia. https://lib.ui.ac.id/detail?id=20445508&lokasi=lokal

Rodriguez, A. E. (2007). Does legal tradition affect competition policy performance? International Trade Journal, 21(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/08853900701597868

Rombot, R. J. T., Anis, H., & Sepang, R. (2020). Peranan Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) dalam Menyelesaikan Sengketa Usaha Perdagangan Menurut Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Lex Privatum, 8(4), 125–135. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/30975/29732

Sembiring, E. P., Sirait, N. N., Siregar, M., & Sukarja, D. (2022). Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Perjanjian Penetapan Harga Tiket Pada Sektor Jasa Angkutan Udara Niaga Berjadwal Penumpang Kelas Ekonomi Dalam Negeri. Locus Journal of Academic Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.56128/ljoalr.v1i1.51

Sesse, Muh. S. (2013). Budaya Hukum dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pembangunan Hukum Nasional. Jurnal Hukum Diktum, 11(2), 171–179. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35905/diktum.v11i2.166

Setiawan, M. A., Ruslijanto, P. A., & Kurniaty, R. (2024). Sinkronisasi Pengaturan Merger Negara Anggota ASEAN berdasarkan The ASEAN Regional Guidelines on Competition Policy (Studi Negara Indonesia, Singapura, dan Thailand) [Universitas Brawijaya]. https://repository.ub.ac.id/id/eprint/219314/

Silfiah, R. I., & Puspytasari, H. H. (2020). Pancasila sebagai Paradigma Politik Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Nasional. Prosiding Seminar Hukum Aktual: Harmonisasi Hukum Pidana Dalam Perspektif Demokrasi Dan Hak Asasi Manusia, 13(01), 95–114. https://journal.uii.ac.id/psha/article/view/34999/16943

Sirait, N. N. (2003). Asosiasi Pelaku Usaha dan Analisis Perilakunya Menurut Hukum Persaingan. Universitas Sumatera Utara. https://repositori.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/42605

Stacchezzini, R., Rossignoli, F., & Corbella, S. (2020). Corporate governance in practice: the role of practitioners’ understanding in implementing compliance programs. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 33(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-08-2016-2685

Sumadi, P. S. (2017). PENEGAKAN HUKUM PERSAINGAN USAHA (Hukum Acara Persaingan Usaha ?). Zifatama Jawara.

Sunaryo. (2018). Kritik Pendekatan Komparatif atas Pendekatan Institusionalisme. Respons, 23(01), 11–38. https://doi.org/10.25170/respons.v23i01.464

Suraji, A., Simbolon, A., Prameswara, A. F., Ridwan, A., Effendi, B., Setiawan, C., Melanie, D., Wiradiputra, D., Kuntjoro-Jakti, D., Fahamsyah, E., Nasution, F., Welirang, F., Saragih, G. S., Zoelva, H., Agustanto, H., Ruky, I. M. S., Wibowo, K., Toha, K., Ginting, L. S., … Hidayat, Y. (2021). DUA DEKADE PENEGAKAN HUKUM PERSAINGAN: Perdebatan dan Isu yang Belum Terselesaikan (K. Wibowo & C. Setiawan, Eds.; 1st ed.). Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.

Syahrin, A., Anggusti, M., & Alsa, A. A. (2023). Pembaharuan Hukum (Pidana) Berlandaskan Pancasila. Merdeka Kreasi.

Tim Penyusun. (2023). Lima Tahun Membumikan Persaingan dan Kemitraan: Laporan Lima Tahun 2018 - 2023. www.kppu.go.id

Tjakrawerdaja, S., Damandiri, S. Y., & Baru, O. (2006). Revitalisasi sistem ekonomi pancasila. In World (pp. 1–16).

Tobing, M. H., Sirait, N. N., & Siregar, M. (2024). Contiguity of Law Violations in the Context of Business Competition and Corruption in Bid Rigging Cases. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(8), 476–483. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i8.4748

Townley, C. (2009). Article 81 EC and Public Policy. Hart Publishing.

Vázquez, V. R., & Cadavid, N. T. (2023). Compliance programmes versus criminal law principles. An impossible mission. Eunomia. Revista En Cultura de La Legalidad, 24. https://doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2023.7676

Whish, R., & Bailey, D. (2021). Competition Law (10th ed.). Oxford University Press.

Wils, W. P. J. (2004). The combination of the investigative and prosecutorial function in EC antitrust enforcement: A legal and economic analysis. World Competition, 27(2), 201–224. https://doi.org/10.54648/woco2004013

Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Downloads

Published

09-04-2026

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 3 (2026): LawSains Journal

Section

Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammad Reza, S.H., M.H., Prof. M. Hawin, S.H., LL.M., Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Ningrum Natasya Sirait, S.H., LL.M. (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Hak cipta tetap berada pada Penulis, sedangkan LawSains Journal berhak mendistribusikan artikel di bawah lisensi CC BY 4.0.

How to Cite

Reposisi Hukum Persaingan Usaha Indonesia Pasca UU Cipta Kerja: Kepastian Hukum dan Reformasi Prosedural: Repositioning Indonesian Competition Law after the Omnibus Law: Legal Certainty and Procedural Reform. (2026). LawSains Journal, 1(3), 26-39. https://journal.prisains.com/index.php/law/article/view/20